Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/thecodingwizard/usaco-guide

content/1_Intro/Data_Types.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ There are several main **data types** that are used in contests: 64-bit integers
 
 It's a good idea to use 64-bit integers (`long long` in C++) instead of 32-bit integers (`int`). 64-bit integers are less likely to have overflow issues, since they can store any number between $-9\,223\,372\,036\,854\,775\,808$ and $9\,223\,372\,036\,854\,775\,807$ which is roughly equal to $\pm 9 \times 10^{18}$. Contest problems are usually set such that the 64-bit integer is sufficient. Of course, you shouldn't do this when time and/or memory limits are tight, which may be the case in higher divisions of USACO.
 
-**Floating point numbers** are used to store decimal values. It is important to know that floating point numbers are not exact, because the binary architecture of computers can only store decimals to a certain precision. Hence, we should always expect that floating point numbers are slightly off. Contest problems will accommodate this by either asking for the greatest integer less than $10^k$ times the value, or will mark as correct any output that is within a certain $\epsilon$ of the judge's answer. (what's epsilon?)
+**Floating point numbers** are used to store decimal values. It is important to know that floating point numbers are not exact, because the binary architecture of computers can only store decimals to a certain precision. Hence, we should always expect that floating point numbers are slightly off. Never try to compare two floating-point numbers for exact equality (==); instead, check if their absolute difference is less than some small constant like $10^{-9}$. Contest problems will accommodate this by either asking for the greatest integer less than $10^k$ times the value, or will mark as correct any output that is within a certain $\epsilon$ of the judge's answer. (what's epsilon?)
 
 **Boolean** variables have two possible states: `true` and `false`. We'll usually use booleans to mark whether a certain process is done, and arrays of booleans to mark which components of an algorithm have finished.
 

content/1_Intro/Input_Output.md

@@ -33,6 +33,32 @@ int main() {
 }
 ```
 
+Alternatively, you can use the [<cstdio\>](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstdio/) library's `scanf` anf `printf` functions, which are slightly more complicated to use, but are significantly faster (generally only an issue with large input sizes):
+
+```cpp
+#include <cstdio>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    int x, y;
+    // %d specifies that a value of type int is being input.
+    // Use %lld (a few judging platforms might need %I64d)
+    // to input a long long (64-bit) integer.
+    // Many other specifiers are also available; see link for more details.
+    // Be sure to add a & character (address-of operator) when using
+    // scanf, UNLESS you are inputing a string with %s.
+    // It is possible to input multiple values at a time as shown below.
+    scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
+
+    // Specifiers for printf are mostly the same as those used
+    // by scanf, with the notable exception of floating-point numbers.
+    // Use a backslash character followed by the lowercase
+    // letter n to denote a newline.
+    // The address-of operator, &, is not used here.
+    printf("Found %d and %d\n", x, y);
+}
+```
+
 ### Java
 
 In your CS classes, you've probably implemented input and output using standard input and standard output, or using [`Scanner`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Scanner.html) to read input and `System.out.print` to print output. These methods work, but `Scanner` and `System.out.print` are slow when we have to handle inputting and outputting tens of thousands of lines. Thus, we use `BufferedReader` and `PrintWriter` instead, which are faster because they buffer the input and output and handle it all at once as opposed to parsing each line individually.

content/6_Plat/HLD.mdx

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ export const metadata = {
       new Problem("HR", "Subtrees & Paths", "https://www.hackerrank.com/challenges/subtrees-and-paths", "Easy", false, ["HLD"], ""),
       new Problem("CF", "Tree Queries", "contest/1254/problem/D", "Normal", false, ["HLD"], ""),
       new Problem("ojuz", "JOI - Cats or Dogs", "https://oj.uz/problem/view/JOI18_catdog", "Hard", false, ["HLD"], ""),
+      new Problem("wcipeg", "COI 08-Otoci", "https://wcipeg.com/problem/coi08p2", "Hard", false, ["HLD"], "editorial available online"),
     ],
   }
 };

src/components/markdown/Resources.tsx

@@ -2,31 +2,33 @@ import * as React from 'react';
 import Dots from '../Dots';
 
 export function ResourcesListComponent(props) {
+  const embedded = props.embedded;
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col">
-      <div className="-my-2 py-2 overflow-x-auto sm:-mx-6 sm:px-6 lg:-mx-8 lg:px-8">
-        <div className="align-middle inline-block min-w-full shadow overflow-hidden sm:rounded-lg border border-purple-400">
+      <div
+        className={`overflow-x-auto ${
+          embedded
+            ? '-mx-4 sm:-mx-6'
+            : 'sm:-mx-6 sm:px-6 lg:-mx-8 lg:px-8 -my-2 py-2'
+        }`}
+      >
+        <div
+          className={`align-middle inline-block min-w-full overflow-hidden shadow ${
+            !embedded && 'rounded-lg border border-purple-400'
+          }`}
+        >
           <table className="min-w-full">
             <thead>
               <tr>
                 <th
                   colSpan={4}
-                  className="px-6 py-4 border-b border-purple-200 bg-purple-50 text-left font-medium text-purple-500 uppercase"
+                  className={`px-6 border-b text-left font-medium uppercase ${
+                    embedded
+                      ? 'text-sm py-2 border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 text-gray-500'
+                      : 'py-3 border-purple-200 bg-purple-50 text-purple-500'
+                  }`}
                 >
-                  <div className="flex items-center">
-                    <svg
-                      fill="none"
-                      strokeLinecap="round"
-                      strokeLinejoin="round"
-                      strokeWidth="2"
-                      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
-                      stroke="currentColor"
-                      className="h-6 w-6 mr-3"
-                    >
-                      <path d="M5 5a2 2 0 012-2h10a2 2 0 012 2v16l-7-3.5L5 21V5z" />
-                    </svg>
                   Resources{props.title ? `: ${props.title}` : ''}
-                  </div>
                 </th>
               </tr>
             </thead>
@@ -70,10 +72,12 @@ export function ResourceComponent(props) {
   }
   return (
     <tr>
-      <td className="px-6 py-4 whitespace-no-wrap text-sm leading-5 text-gray-500">
+      {props.source && (
+        <td className="pl-6 py-4 whitespace-no-wrap text-sm leading-5 text-gray-500">
           {props.source}
         </td>
-      <td className="py-4 whitespace-no-wrap text-sm leading-5 text-gray-500 w-6">
+      )}
+      <td className="pl-6 py-4 whitespace-no-wrap text-sm leading-5 text-gray-500 w-6">
         {props.starred && (
           <svg
             className="h-6 w-6 text-blue-700"
@@ -87,7 +91,7 @@ export function ResourceComponent(props) {
       <td className="pl-3 pr-6 py-4 whitespace-no-wrap text-sm leading-5 font-medium text-gray-900">
         <a href={url}>{props.title}</a>
       </td>
-      <td className="px-6 py-4 whitespace-no-wrap text-sm leading-5 text-gray-500">
+      <td className="w-100 px-6 py-4 text-sm leading-5 text-gray-500">
         {props.children}
       </td>
     </tr>