901 lines
33 KiB
Text
901 lines
33 KiB
Text
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# Default Pint units definition file
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# Based on the International System of Units
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# Language: english
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# :copyright: 2013,2019 by Pint Authors, see AUTHORS for more details.
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# Syntax
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# ======
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# Units
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# -----
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# <canonical name> = <relation to another unit or dimension> [= <symbol>] [= <alias>] [ = <alias> ] [...]
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#
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# The canonical name and aliases should be expressed in singular form.
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# Pint automatically deals with plurals built by adding 's' to the singular form; plural
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# forms that don't follow this rule should be instead explicitly listed as aliases.
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#
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# If a unit has no symbol and one wants to define aliases, then the symbol should be
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# conventionally set to _.
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#
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# Example:
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# millennium = 1e3 * year = _ = millennia
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#
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#
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# Prefixes
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# --------
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# <prefix>- = <amount> [= <symbol>] [= <alias>] [ = <alias> ] [...]
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#
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# Example:
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# deca- = 1e+1 = da- = deka-
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#
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#
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# Derived dimensions
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# ------------------
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# [dimension name] = <relation to other dimensions>
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#
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# Example:
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[mass] = # [density] / [volume]
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#
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# Note that primary dimensions don't need to be declared; they can be
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# defined for the first time in a unit definition.
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# E.g. see below `meter = [length]`
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#
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#
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# Additional aliases
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# ------------------
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# @alias <canonical name or previous alias> = <alias> [ = <alias> ] [...]
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#
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# Used to add aliases to already existing unit definitions.
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# Particularly useful when one wants to enrich definitions
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# from defaults_en.txt with custom aliases.
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#
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# Example:
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# @alias meter = my_meter
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# See also: https://pint.readthedocs.io/en/latest/defining.html
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@defaults
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group = international
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system = mks
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@end
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#### PREFIXES ####
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# decimal prefixes
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quecto- = 1e-30 = q- = 亏可托- = 亏-
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ronto- = 1e-27 = r- = 柔托- = 柔-
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yocto- = 1e-24 = y- = 幺科托- = 幺- = 攸-
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zepto- = 1e-21 = z- = 仄普托- = 仄- = 介-
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atto- = 1e-18 = a- = 阿托- = 阿-
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femto- = 1e-15 = f- = 飞母托- = 飞- = 飛-
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pico- = 1e-12 = p- = 皮可- = 皮-
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nano- = 1e-9 = n- = 纳诺- = 纳- = 奈-
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# The micro (U+00B5) and Greek mu (U+03BC) are both valid prefixes,
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# and they often use the same glyph.
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micro- = 1e-6 = µ- = μ- = u- = 微-
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milli- = 1e-3 = m- = 毫-
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centi- = 1e-2 = c- = 厘- = 釐-
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deci- = 1e-1 = d- = 分-
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deca- = 1e+1 = da- = deka- = 十-
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hecto- = 1e2 = h- = 百-
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kilo- = 1e3 = k- = 千-
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mega- = 1e6 = M- = 兆- = 百萬-
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giga- = 1e9 = G- = 吉咖- = 吉-
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tera- = 1e12 = T- = 太拉- = 太-
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peta- = 1e15 = P- = 拍它- = 拍-
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exa- = 1e18 = E- = 艾可萨- = 艾-
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zetta- = 1e21 = Z- = 泽它- = 泽- = 皆=
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yotta- = 1e24 = Y- = 尧它- = 尧- = 佑-
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ronna- = 1e27 = R- = 容那- = 容-
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quetta- = 1e30 = Q- = 昆它- = 昆-
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# binary_prefixes
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kibi- = 2**10 = Ki-
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mebi- = 2**20 = Mi-
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gibi- = 2**30 = Gi-
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tebi- = 2**40 = Ti-
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pebi- = 2**50 = Pi-
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exbi- = 2**60 = Ei-
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zebi- = 2**70 = Zi-
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yobi- = 2**80 = Yi-
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# extra_prefixes
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semi- = 0.5 = _ = demi- = 半-
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sesqui- = 1.5
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#### BASE UNITS ####
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meter = [length] = m = metre = 米 = 公尺
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second = [time] = s = sec = 秒
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ampere = [current] = A = amp = 安培 = 安
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candela = [luminosity] = cd = candle = 坎德拉 = 坎
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gram = [mass] = g = 克 = 公克
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mole = [substance] = mol = 摩尔 = 摩
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kelvin = [temperature]; offset: 0 = K = degK = °K = degree_Kelvin = degreeK = 开尔文 = 开 # older names supported for compatibility
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radian = [] = rad = 弧度
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bit = [] = 比特
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count = [] = 个
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#### CONSTANTS ####
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@import constants.txt
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#### UNITS ####
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# Common and less common, grouped by quantity.
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# Conversion factors are exact (except when noted),
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# although floating-point conversion may introduce inaccuracies
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# Angle
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turn = 2 * π * radian = _ = revolution = cycle = circle = 转
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degree = π / 180 * radian = deg = arcdeg = arcdegree = 度 = 角度
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arcminute = degree / 60 = arcmin = arc_minute = angular_minute = 弧分 = 角分
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arcsecond = arcminute / 60 = arcsec = arc_second = angular_second = 弧秒 = 角秒
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milliarcsecond = 1e-3 * arcsecond = mas = 毫弧秒 = 毫角秒
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grade = π / 200 * radian = grad = gon = 百分度 = 梯度
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milliradian = π / 32000 * radian = mil = 毫弧度 = 密位
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# Solid angle
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steradian = radian ** 2 = sr = 球面度
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square_degree = (π / 180) ** 2 * sr = sq_deg = sqdeg = 平方度
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# Information
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baud = bit / second = Bd = bps = 比特每秒 = 波特
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byte = 8 * bit = B = octet = 字节
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字节 = 8 * bit = _ = octet = # byte
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## NOTE: B (byte) symbol can conflict with Bell
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# Ratios
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percent = 0.01 = % = 百分
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ppm = 1e-6 = 分比
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# Length
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angstrom = 1e-10 * meter = Å = ångström = Å = 埃格斯特朗 = 埃
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centimeter = cm = 厘米 = 釐米 = 公分
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millimeter = mm = 毫米 = 公厘 = 公釐
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decimeter = dm = 分米 = 公寸
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dekameter = dam = 十米 = 公丈
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hectometer = hm = 百米 = 公引
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kilometer = km = 千米 = 公里
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micron = micrometer = µm = μ = 微米
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fermi = femtometer = fm = 费米
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light_year = speed_of_light * julian_year = ly = lightyear = 光年
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astronomical_unit = 149597870700 * meter = au = 天文单位 = 天文單位# since Aug 2012
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parsec = 1 / tansec * astronomical_unit = pc = 秒差距
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nautical_mile = 1852 * meter = nmi = 海里 = 浬
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bohr = hbar / (alpha * m_e * c) = a_0 = a0 = bohr_radius = atomic_unit_of_length = a_u_length = 玻尔半径 = 原子单位长度 = 波耳半徑
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x_unit_Cu = K_alpha_Cu_d_220 * d_220 / 1537.4 = Xu_Cu = 铜的X单位 = 铜的X射线波长
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x_unit_Mo = K_alpha_Mo_d_220 * d_220 / 707.831 = Xu_Mo = 钼的X单位 = 钼的X射线波长
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angstrom_star = K_alpha_W_d_220 * d_220 / 0.2090100 = Å_star = 埃星
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planck_length = (hbar * gravitational_constant / c ** 3) ** 0.5 = 普朗克长度 = 普朗克長度
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# Mass
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metric_ton = 1e3 * kilogram = t = tonne = 吨 = 公吨 = 噸 = 公噸
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centigram = cg = 厘克 = 公毫
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milligram = mg = 毫克 = 公絲
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decigram = dg = 分克 = 公銖
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dekagram = dag = 十克 = 公錢
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hectogram = hg = 百克 = 公兩
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kilogram = kg = 千克 = 公斤
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unified_atomic_mass_unit = atomic_mass_constant = u = amu = 原子质量单位 = 原子質量單位
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dalton = atomic_mass_constant = Da = 道尔顿
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grain = 64.79891 * milligram = gr = 格令 = 格林
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gamma_mass = microgram = 微克 = 伽玛质量
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carat = 200 * milligram = ct = karat = 克拉
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planck_mass = (hbar * c / gravitational_constant) ** 0.5 = 普朗克质量 = 普朗克質量
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# Time
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minute = 60 * second = min = 分钟 = 分
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hour = 60 * minute = h = hr = 小时
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day = 24 * hour = d = 日 = 天
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week = 7 * day = 星期 = 周 = 礼拜
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fortnight = 2 * week = 两星期
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year = 365.25 * day = a = yr = julian_year = 年 = 儒略年
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month = year / 12 = 月
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# decade = 10 * year
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## NOTE: decade [time] can conflict with decade [dimensionless]
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century = 100 * year = _ = centuries = 世纪
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millennium = 1e3 * year = _ = millennia = 千年纪 = 千纪 = 千年
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eon = 1e9 * year = 宙
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shake = 1e-8 * second = 抖
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svedberg = 1e-13 * second = 斯韦德贝里 = 斯维德伯格
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atomic_unit_of_time = hbar / E_h = a_u_time = 原子单位时间
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gregorian_year = 365.2425 * day = 公历年
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sidereal_year = 365.256363004 * day = 恒星年
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tropical_year = 365.242190402 * day = 回归年
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common_year = 365 * day = 平年
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leap_year = 366 * day = 闰年
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sidereal_day = day / 1.00273790935079524 = 恒星日
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sidereal_month = 27.32166155 * day = 恒星月
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tropical_month = 27.321582 * day = 回归月
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synodic_month = 29.530589 * day = _ = lunar_month = 同步月 = 朔望月
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planck_time = (hbar * gravitational_constant / c ** 5) ** 0.5 = 普朗克时间
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# Temperature
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degree_Celsius = kelvin; offset: 273.15 = °C = celsius = degC = degreeC = 摄氏度
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degree_Rankine = 5 / 9 * kelvin; offset: 0 = °R = °Ra = rankine = degR = degreeR = 兰氏度
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degree_Fahrenheit = 5 / 9 * kelvin; offset: 233.15 + 200 / 9 = °F = fahrenheit = degF = degreeF = 华氏度
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réaumur = 4 / 5 * kelvin; offset: 273.15 = °Re = reaumur = degRe = degreeRe = degree_Réaumur = 列氏度
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atomic_unit_of_temperature = E_h / k = a_u_temp = 原子单位温度
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planck_temperature = (hbar * c ** 5 / gravitational_constant / k ** 2) ** 0.5 = 普朗克温度
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# Area
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[area] = [length] ** 2
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are = 100 * meter ** 2 = 公亩
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barn = 1e-28 * meter ** 2 = b = 靶恩
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darcy = centipoise * centimeter ** 2 / (second * atmosphere) = 达西
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hectare = 100 * are = ha = 公顷
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# Volume
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[volume] = [length] ** 3
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liter = decimeter ** 3 = l = L = litre = 升
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cubic_centimeter = centimeter ** 3 = cc = 立方厘米
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lambda = microliter = λ
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stere = meter ** 3
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# Frequency
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[frequency] = 1 / [time]
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hertz = 1 / second = Hz = 赫兹 = 赫
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revolutions_per_minute = revolution / minute = rpm = 转每分
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revolutions_per_second = revolution / second = rps = 转每秒
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counts_per_second = count / second = cps = 次每秒
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# Wavenumber
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[wavenumber] = 1 / [length]
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reciprocal_centimeter = 1 / cm = cm_1 = kayser = 倒数厘米
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# Velocity
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[velocity] = [length] / [time]
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[speed] = [velocity]
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knot = nautical_mile / hour = kt = knot_international = international_knot = 节
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mile_per_hour = mile / hour = mph = MPH = 英里每小时 = 迈
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kilometer_per_hour = kilometer / hour = kph = KPH = 千米每小时
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kilometer_per_second = kilometer / second = kps = 千米每秒
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meter_per_second = meter / second = mps = 米每秒
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foot_per_second = foot / second = fps = 英尺每秒
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# Volumetric Flow Rate
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[volumetric_flow_rate] = [volume] / [time]
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sverdrup = 1e6 * meter ** 3 / second = sv = 斯维德鲁普
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# Acceleration
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[acceleration] = [velocity] / [time]
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galileo = centimeter / second ** 2 = Gal = 伽利略
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# Force
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[force] = [mass] * [acceleration]
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newton = kilogram * meter / second ** 2 = N = 牛顿 = 牛
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dyne = gram * centimeter / second ** 2 = dyn = 达因
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force_kilogram = g_0 * kilogram = kgf = kilogram_force = pond = 千克力
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force_gram = g_0 * gram = gf = gram_force = 克力
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force_metric_ton = g_0 * metric_ton = tf = metric_ton_force = force_t = t_force = 公吨力 = 吨力
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atomic_unit_of_force = E_h / a_0 = a_u_force = 原子单位力
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# Energy
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[energy] = [force] * [length]
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joule = newton * meter = J = 焦耳
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erg = dyne * centimeter = 尔格
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watt_hour = watt * hour = Wh = watthour = 瓦时
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electron_volt = e * volt = eV = 电子伏特
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rydberg = ℎ * c * R_inf = Ry = 里德伯格
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hartree = 2 * rydberg = E_h = Eh = hartree_energy = atomic_unit_of_energy = a_u_energy = 哈特里
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calorie = 4.184 * joule = cal = thermochemical_calorie = cal_th = 卡路里
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international_calorie = 4.1868 * joule = cal_it = international_steam_table_calorie = 国际卡路里
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fifteen_degree_calorie = 4.1855 * joule = cal_15 = 卡路里15度
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british_thermal_unit = 1055.056 * joule = Btu = BTU = Btu_iso = 英热单位
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international_british_thermal_unit = 1e3 * pound / kilogram * degR / kelvin * international_calorie = Btu_it = 国际英热单位
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thermochemical_british_thermal_unit = 1e3 * pound / kilogram * degR / kelvin * calorie = Btu_th = 热化学英热单位
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quadrillion_Btu = 1e15 * Btu = quad = 兆英热单位
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therm = 1e5 * Btu = thm = EC_therm = 热量
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US_therm = 1.054804e8 * joule = 美国热量
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ton_TNT = 1e9 * calorie = tTNT = TNT当量
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tonne_of_oil_equivalent = 1e10 * international_calorie = toe = 吨油当量
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atmosphere_liter = atmosphere * liter = atm_l = 气体升
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# Power
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[power] = [energy] / [time]
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watt = joule / second = W = 瓦特
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volt_ampere = volt * ampere = VA = 伏特安培
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horsepower = 550 * foot * force_pound / second = hp = UK_horsepower = hydraulic_horsepower = 马力
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boiler_horsepower = 33475 * Btu / hour = 锅炉马力
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metric_horsepower = 75 * force_kilogram * meter / second = 公制马力
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electrical_horsepower = 746 * watt = 电马力
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refrigeration_ton = 12e3 * Btu / hour = _ = ton_of_refrigeration = 制冷吨
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cooling_tower_ton = 1.25 * refrigeration_ton = 冷却塔吨
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standard_liter_per_minute = atmosphere * liter / minute = slpm = slm = 标准升每分钟
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conventional_watt_90 = K_J90 ** 2 * R_K90 / (K_J ** 2 * R_K) * watt = W_90 = 传统瓦特90
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# Momentum
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[momentum] = [length] * [mass] / [time]
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# Density (as auxiliary for pressure)
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[density] = [mass] / [volume]
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mercury = 13.5951 * kilogram / liter = Hg = Hg_0C = Hg_32F = conventional_mercury = 水银
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water = 1.0 * kilogram / liter = H2O = conventional_water = 水
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mercury_60F = 13.5568 * kilogram / liter = Hg_60F = 水银60华氏度
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water_39F = 0.999972 * kilogram / liter = water_4C = 水4摄氏度
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water_60F = 0.999001 * kilogram / liter = 水60华氏度
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# Pressure
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[pressure] = [force] / [area]
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pascal = newton / meter ** 2 = Pa = 帕斯卡
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barye = dyne / centimeter ** 2 = Ba = barie = barad = barrie = baryd = 微巴
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bar = 1e5 * pascal = 巴
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technical_atmosphere = kilogram * g_0 / centimeter ** 2 = at = 工程大气压
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torr = atm / 760 = 托
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pound_force_per_square_inch = force_pound / inch ** 2 = psi = 磅力每平方英寸
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kip_per_square_inch = kip / inch ** 2 = ksi = 千磅力每平方英寸
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millimeter_Hg_0C = millimeter * Hg * g_0 = mmHg = mm_Hg = 毫米汞柱
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centimeter_Hg_0C = centimeter * Hg * g_0 = cmHg = cm_Hg = 厘米汞柱
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inch_Hg_32F = inch * Hg * g_0 = inHg = in_Hg = 英寸汞柱
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inch_Hg_60F = inch * Hg_60F * g_0 = 60华氏度英寸汞柱
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inch_H2O_39F = inch * water_39F * g_0 = 39华氏度英寸水柱
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inch_H2O_60F = inch * water_60F * g_0 = 60华氏度英寸水柱
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feet_H2O = foot * water * g_0 = ftH2O = 英尺水柱
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centimeter_H2O = cm_H2O = centimeter * water * g_0 = cmH2O = 厘米水柱
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sound_pressure_level = 20e-6 * pascal = SPL = 声压级
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# Torque
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[torque] = [force] * [length]
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foot_pound = foot * force_pound = ft_lb = footpound = 英尺磅
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# Viscosity
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[viscosity] = [pressure] * [time]
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poise = 0.1 * Pa * second = P = 泊伊斯
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reyn = psi * second = 雷恩
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# Kinematic viscosity
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[kinematic_viscosity] = [area] / [time]
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stokes = centimeter ** 2 / second = St = 斯托克斯
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# Fluidity
|
||
[fluidity] = 1 / [viscosity]
|
||
rhe = 1 / poise = 莱
|
||
|
||
# Amount of substance
|
||
particle = 1 / N_A = _ = molec = molecule = 粒子
|
||
|
||
# Concentration
|
||
[concentration] = [substance] / [volume]
|
||
molar = mole / liter = M = 体积摩尔
|
||
|
||
# Catalytic activity
|
||
[activity] = [substance] / [time]
|
||
katal = mole / second = kat = 开特
|
||
enzyme_unit = micromole / minute = U = enzymeunit = 酶单位
|
||
|
||
# Entropy
|
||
[entropy] = [energy] / [temperature]
|
||
clausius = calorie / kelvin = Cl = 克劳西斯
|
||
|
||
# Molar entropy
|
||
[molar_entropy] = [entropy] / [substance]
|
||
entropy_unit = calorie / kelvin / mole = eu = 熵单位
|
||
|
||
# Radiation
|
||
becquerel = counts_per_second = Bq = 贝克勒尔 = 贝克
|
||
curie = 3.7e10 * becquerel = Ci = 居里
|
||
rutherford = 1e6 * becquerel = Rd = 卢瑟福
|
||
gray = joule / kilogram = Gy = 戈瑞
|
||
sievert = joule / kilogram = Sv = 希沃特
|
||
rads = 0.01 * gray = 拉德斯
|
||
rem = 0.01 * sievert = 雷质
|
||
roentgen = 2.58e-4 * coulomb / kilogram = _ = röntgen = 伦琴
|
||
|
||
# Heat transimission
|
||
[heat_transmission] = [energy] / [area]
|
||
peak_sun_hour = 1e3 * watt_hour / meter ** 2 = PSH = 峰值太阳小时
|
||
langley = thermochemical_calorie / centimeter ** 2 = Ly = 兰利
|
||
|
||
# Luminance
|
||
[luminance] = [luminosity] / [area]
|
||
nit = candela / meter ** 2 = 尼特
|
||
stilb = candela / centimeter ** 2 = 斯蒂尔布
|
||
lambert = 1 / π * candela / centimeter ** 2 = 兰伯特
|
||
|
||
# Luminous flux
|
||
[luminous_flux] = [luminosity]
|
||
lumen = candela * steradian = lm = 流明
|
||
|
||
# Illuminance
|
||
[illuminance] = [luminous_flux] / [area]
|
||
lux = lumen / meter ** 2 = lx = 勒克斯
|
||
|
||
# Intensity
|
||
[intensity] = [power] / [area]
|
||
atomic_unit_of_intensity = 0.5 * ε_0 * c * atomic_unit_of_electric_field ** 2 = a_u_intensity = 原子单位光强
|
||
|
||
# Current
|
||
biot = 10 * ampere = Bi = 毕奥
|
||
abampere = biot = abA = 绝对安培
|
||
atomic_unit_of_current = e / atomic_unit_of_time = a_u_current = 原子单位电流
|
||
mean_international_ampere = mean_international_volt / mean_international_ohm = A_it = 平均国际安培
|
||
US_international_ampere = US_international_volt / US_international_ohm = A_US = 美国国际安培
|
||
conventional_ampere_90 = K_J90 * R_K90 / (K_J * R_K) * ampere = A_90 = 传统安培90
|
||
planck_current = (c ** 6 / gravitational_constant / k_C) ** 0.5 = 普朗克电流
|
||
|
||
# Charge
|
||
[charge] = [current] * [time]
|
||
coulomb = ampere * second = C = 库仑
|
||
abcoulomb = 10 * C = abC = 绝对库伦
|
||
faraday = e * N_A * mole = 法拉第
|
||
conventional_coulomb_90 = K_J90 * R_K90 / (K_J * R_K) * coulomb = C_90 = 传统库伦90
|
||
ampere_hour = ampere * hour = Ah = 安培时
|
||
|
||
# Electric potential
|
||
[electric_potential] = [energy] / [charge]
|
||
volt = joule / coulomb = V = 伏特 = 伏
|
||
abvolt = 1e-8 * volt = abV = 绝对伏特
|
||
mean_international_volt = 1.00034 * volt = V_it = 平均国际伏特 # approximate
|
||
US_international_volt = 1.00033 * volt = V_US = 美国国际伏特 # approximate
|
||
conventional_volt_90 = K_J90 / K_J * volt = V_90 = 传统伏特90
|
||
|
||
# Electric field
|
||
[electric_field] = [electric_potential] / [length]
|
||
atomic_unit_of_electric_field = e * k_C / a_0 ** 2 = a_u_electric_field = 原子单位电场
|
||
|
||
# Electric displacement field
|
||
[electric_displacement_field] = [charge] / [area]
|
||
|
||
# Resistance
|
||
[resistance] = [electric_potential] / [current]
|
||
ohm = volt / ampere = Ω = 欧姆 = 欧
|
||
abohm = 1e-9 * ohm = abΩ = 绝对欧姆
|
||
mean_international_ohm = 1.00049 * ohm = Ω_it = ohm_it = 平均国际欧姆 # approximate
|
||
US_international_ohm = 1.000495 * ohm = Ω_US = ohm_US = 美国国际欧姆 # approximate
|
||
conventional_ohm_90 = R_K / R_K90 * ohm = Ω_90 = ohm_90 = 传统欧姆90
|
||
|
||
# Resistivity
|
||
[resistivity] = [resistance] * [length]
|
||
|
||
# Conductance
|
||
[conductance] = [current] / [electric_potential]
|
||
siemens = ampere / volt = S = mho = 西门子 = 西门
|
||
absiemens = 1e9 * siemens = abS = abmho = 绝对西门子
|
||
|
||
# Capacitance
|
||
[capacitance] = [charge] / [electric_potential]
|
||
farad = coulomb / volt = F = 法拉
|
||
abfarad = 1e9 * farad = abF = 绝对法拉
|
||
conventional_farad_90 = R_K90 / R_K * farad = F_90 = 常用法拉_90
|
||
|
||
# Magnetic flux
|
||
[magnetic_flux] = [electric_potential] * [time]
|
||
weber = volt * second = Wb = 韦伯
|
||
unit_pole = µ_0 * biot * centimeter = 单位极
|
||
|
||
# Inductance
|
||
[inductance] = [magnetic_flux] / [current]
|
||
henry = weber / ampere = H = 亨利
|
||
abhenry = 1e-9 * henry = abH = 绝对亨利
|
||
conventional_henry_90 = R_K / R_K90 * henry = H_90 = 常用亨利_90
|
||
|
||
# Magnetic field
|
||
[magnetic_field] = [magnetic_flux] / [area]
|
||
tesla = weber / meter ** 2 = T = 特斯拉
|
||
gamma = 1e-9 * tesla = γ = 伽玛
|
||
|
||
# Magnetomotive force
|
||
[magnetomotive_force] = [current]
|
||
ampere_turn = ampere = At = 安培匝
|
||
biot_turn = biot = 比奥特匝
|
||
gilbert = 1 / (4 * π) * biot_turn = Gb = 吉尔伯特
|
||
|
||
# Magnetic field strength
|
||
[magnetic_field_strength] = [current] / [length]
|
||
|
||
# Electric dipole moment
|
||
[electric_dipole] = [charge] * [length]
|
||
debye = 1e-9 / ζ * coulomb * angstrom = D = 德拜 # formally 1 D = 1e-10 Fr*Å, but we generally want to use it outside the Gaussian context
|
||
|
||
# Electric quadrupole moment
|
||
[electric_quadrupole] = [charge] * [area]
|
||
buckingham = debye * angstrom = 巴金汉姆
|
||
|
||
# Magnetic dipole moment
|
||
[magnetic_dipole] = [current] * [area]
|
||
bohr_magneton = e * hbar / (2 * m_e) = µ_B = mu_B = 波尔磁子
|
||
nuclear_magneton = e * hbar / (2 * m_p) = µ_N = mu_N = 核磁子
|
||
|
||
# Logaritmic Unit Definition
|
||
# Unit = scale; logbase; logfactor
|
||
# x_dB = [logfactor] * log( x_lin / [scale] ) / log( [logbase] )
|
||
|
||
# Logaritmic Units of dimensionless quantity: [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_(logarithmic_quantity) ]
|
||
|
||
decibelmilliwatt = 1e-3 watt; logbase: 10; logfactor: 10 = dBm
|
||
decibelmicrowatt = 1e-6 watt; logbase: 10; logfactor: 10 = dBu
|
||
|
||
decibel = 1 ; logbase: 10; logfactor: 10 = dB
|
||
# bell = 1 ; logbase: 10; logfactor: = B
|
||
## NOTE: B (Bell) symbol conflicts with byte
|
||
|
||
decade = 1 ; logbase: 10; logfactor: 1
|
||
## NOTE: decade [time] can conflict with decade [dimensionless]
|
||
|
||
octave = 1 ; logbase: 2; logfactor: 1 = oct
|
||
|
||
neper = 1 ; logbase: 2.71828182845904523536028747135266249775724709369995; logfactor: 0.5 = Np
|
||
# neper = 1 ; logbase: eulers_number; logfactor: 0.5 = Np
|
||
|
||
#### UNIT GROUPS ####
|
||
# Mostly for length, area, volume, mass, force
|
||
# (customary or specialized units)
|
||
|
||
@group USCSLengthInternational
|
||
thou = 1e-3 * inch = th = mil_length
|
||
inch = yard / 36 = in = international_inch = inches = international_inches
|
||
hand = 4 * inch
|
||
foot = yard / 3 = ft = international_foot = feet = international_feet
|
||
yard = 0.9144 * meter = yd = international_yard # since Jul 1959
|
||
mile = 1760 * yard = mi = international_mile
|
||
|
||
circular_mil = π / 4 * mil_length ** 2 = cmil
|
||
square_inch = inch ** 2 = sq_in = square_inches
|
||
square_foot = foot ** 2 = sq_ft = square_feet
|
||
square_yard = yard ** 2 = sq_yd
|
||
square_mile = mile ** 2 = sq_mi
|
||
|
||
cubic_inch = in ** 3 = cu_in
|
||
cubic_foot = ft ** 3 = cu_ft = cubic_feet
|
||
cubic_yard = yd ** 3 = cu_yd
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group USCSLengthSurvey
|
||
link = 1e-2 * chain = li = survey_link
|
||
survey_foot = 1200 / 3937 * meter = sft
|
||
fathom = 6 * survey_foot
|
||
rod = 16.5 * survey_foot = rd = pole = perch
|
||
chain = 4 * rod
|
||
furlong = 40 * rod = fur
|
||
cables_length = 120 * fathom
|
||
survey_mile = 5280 * survey_foot = smi = us_statute_mile
|
||
league = 3 * survey_mile
|
||
|
||
square_rod = rod ** 2 = sq_rod = sq_pole = sq_perch
|
||
acre = 10 * chain ** 2
|
||
square_survey_mile = survey_mile ** 2 = _ = section
|
||
square_league = league ** 2
|
||
|
||
acre_foot = acre * survey_foot = _ = acre_feet
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group USCSDryVolume
|
||
dry_pint = bushel / 64 = dpi = US_dry_pint
|
||
dry_quart = bushel / 32 = dqt = US_dry_quart
|
||
dry_gallon = bushel / 8 = dgal = US_dry_gallon
|
||
peck = bushel / 4 = pk
|
||
bushel = 2150.42 cubic_inch = bu
|
||
dry_barrel = 7056 cubic_inch = _ = US_dry_barrel
|
||
board_foot = ft * ft * in = FBM = board_feet = BF = BDFT = super_foot = superficial_foot = super_feet = superficial_feet
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group USCSLiquidVolume
|
||
minim = pint / 7680
|
||
fluid_dram = pint / 128 = fldr = fluidram = US_fluid_dram = US_liquid_dram
|
||
fluid_ounce = pint / 16 = floz = US_fluid_ounce = US_liquid_ounce
|
||
gill = pint / 4 = gi = liquid_gill = US_liquid_gill
|
||
pint = quart / 2 = pt = liquid_pint = US_pint
|
||
fifth = gallon / 5 = _ = US_liquid_fifth
|
||
quart = gallon / 4 = qt = liquid_quart = US_liquid_quart
|
||
gallon = 231 * cubic_inch = gal = liquid_gallon = US_liquid_gallon
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group USCSVolumeOther
|
||
teaspoon = fluid_ounce / 6 = tsp
|
||
tablespoon = fluid_ounce / 2 = tbsp
|
||
shot = 3 * tablespoon = jig = US_shot
|
||
cup = pint / 2 = cp = liquid_cup = US_liquid_cup
|
||
barrel = 31.5 * gallon = bbl
|
||
oil_barrel = 42 * gallon = oil_bbl
|
||
beer_barrel = 31 * gallon = beer_bbl
|
||
hogshead = 63 * gallon
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group Avoirdupois
|
||
dram = pound / 256 = dr = avoirdupois_dram = avdp_dram = drachm
|
||
ounce = pound / 16 = oz = avoirdupois_ounce = avdp_ounce
|
||
pound = 7e3 * grain = lb = avoirdupois_pound = avdp_pound
|
||
stone = 14 * pound
|
||
quarter = 28 * stone
|
||
bag = 94 * pound
|
||
hundredweight = 100 * pound = cwt = short_hundredweight
|
||
long_hundredweight = 112 * pound
|
||
ton = 2e3 * pound = _ = short_ton
|
||
long_ton = 2240 * pound
|
||
slug = g_0 * pound * second ** 2 / foot
|
||
slinch = g_0 * pound * second ** 2 / inch = blob = slugette
|
||
|
||
force_ounce = g_0 * ounce = ozf = ounce_force
|
||
force_pound = g_0 * pound = lbf = pound_force
|
||
force_ton = g_0 * ton = _ = ton_force = force_short_ton = short_ton_force
|
||
force_long_ton = g_0 * long_ton = _ = long_ton_force
|
||
kip = 1e3 * force_pound
|
||
poundal = pound * foot / second ** 2 = pdl
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group AvoirdupoisUK using Avoirdupois
|
||
UK_hundredweight = long_hundredweight = UK_cwt
|
||
UK_ton = long_ton
|
||
UK_force_ton = force_long_ton = _ = UK_ton_force
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group AvoirdupoisUS using Avoirdupois
|
||
US_hundredweight = hundredweight = US_cwt
|
||
US_ton = ton
|
||
US_force_ton = force_ton = _ = US_ton_force
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group Troy
|
||
pennyweight = 24 * grain = dwt
|
||
troy_ounce = 480 * grain = toz = ozt
|
||
troy_pound = 12 * troy_ounce = tlb = lbt
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group Apothecary
|
||
scruple = 20 * grain
|
||
apothecary_dram = 3 * scruple = ap_dr
|
||
apothecary_ounce = 8 * apothecary_dram = ap_oz
|
||
apothecary_pound = 12 * apothecary_ounce = ap_lb
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group ImperialVolume
|
||
imperial_minim = imperial_fluid_ounce / 480
|
||
imperial_fluid_scruple = imperial_fluid_ounce / 24
|
||
imperial_fluid_drachm = imperial_fluid_ounce / 8 = imperial_fldr = imperial_fluid_dram
|
||
imperial_fluid_ounce = imperial_pint / 20 = imperial_floz = UK_fluid_ounce
|
||
imperial_gill = imperial_pint / 4 = imperial_gi = UK_gill
|
||
imperial_cup = imperial_pint / 2 = imperial_cp = UK_cup
|
||
imperial_pint = imperial_gallon / 8 = imperial_pt = UK_pint
|
||
imperial_quart = imperial_gallon / 4 = imperial_qt = UK_quart
|
||
imperial_gallon = 4.54609 * liter = imperial_gal = UK_gallon
|
||
imperial_peck = 2 * imperial_gallon = imperial_pk = UK_pk
|
||
imperial_bushel = 8 * imperial_gallon = imperial_bu = UK_bushel
|
||
imperial_barrel = 36 * imperial_gallon = imperial_bbl = UK_bbl
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group Printer
|
||
pica = inch / 6 = _ = printers_pica
|
||
point = pica / 12 = pp = printers_point = big_point = bp
|
||
didot = 1 / 2660 * m
|
||
cicero = 12 * didot
|
||
tex_point = inch / 72.27
|
||
tex_pica = 12 * tex_point
|
||
tex_didot = 1238 / 1157 * tex_point
|
||
tex_cicero = 12 * tex_didot
|
||
scaled_point = tex_point / 65536
|
||
css_pixel = inch / 96 = px
|
||
|
||
pixel = [printing_unit] = _ = dot = pel = picture_element
|
||
pixels_per_centimeter = pixel / cm = PPCM
|
||
pixels_per_inch = pixel / inch = dots_per_inch = PPI = ppi = DPI = printers_dpi
|
||
bits_per_pixel = bit / pixel = bpp
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@group Textile
|
||
tex = gram / kilometer = Tt
|
||
dtex = decitex
|
||
denier = gram / (9 * kilometer) = den = Td
|
||
jute = pound / (14400 * yard) = Tj
|
||
aberdeen = jute = Ta
|
||
RKM = gf / tex
|
||
|
||
number_english = 840 * yard / pound = Ne = NeC = ECC
|
||
number_meter = kilometer / kilogram = Nm
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### CGS ELECTROMAGNETIC UNITS ####
|
||
|
||
# === Gaussian system of units ===
|
||
@group Gaussian
|
||
franklin = erg ** 0.5 * centimeter ** 0.5 = Fr = statcoulomb = statC = esu
|
||
statvolt = erg / franklin = statV
|
||
statampere = franklin / second = statA
|
||
gauss = dyne / franklin = G
|
||
maxwell = gauss * centimeter ** 2 = Mx
|
||
oersted = dyne / maxwell = Oe = ørsted
|
||
statohm = statvolt / statampere = statΩ
|
||
statfarad = franklin / statvolt = statF
|
||
statmho = statampere / statvolt
|
||
@end
|
||
# Note this system is not commensurate with SI, as ε_0 and µ_0 disappear;
|
||
# some quantities with different dimensions in SI have the same
|
||
# dimensions in the Gaussian system (e.g. [Mx] = [Fr], but [Wb] != [C]),
|
||
# and therefore the conversion factors depend on the context (not in pint sense)
|
||
[gaussian_charge] = [length] ** 1.5 * [mass] ** 0.5 / [time]
|
||
[gaussian_current] = [gaussian_charge] / [time]
|
||
[gaussian_electric_potential] = [gaussian_charge] / [length]
|
||
[gaussian_electric_field] = [gaussian_electric_potential] / [length]
|
||
[gaussian_electric_displacement_field] = [gaussian_charge] / [area]
|
||
[gaussian_electric_flux] = [gaussian_charge]
|
||
[gaussian_electric_dipole] = [gaussian_charge] * [length]
|
||
[gaussian_electric_quadrupole] = [gaussian_charge] * [area]
|
||
[gaussian_magnetic_field] = [force] / [gaussian_charge]
|
||
[gaussian_magnetic_field_strength] = [gaussian_magnetic_field]
|
||
[gaussian_magnetic_flux] = [gaussian_magnetic_field] * [area]
|
||
[gaussian_magnetic_dipole] = [energy] / [gaussian_magnetic_field]
|
||
[gaussian_resistance] = [gaussian_electric_potential] / [gaussian_current]
|
||
[gaussian_resistivity] = [gaussian_resistance] * [length]
|
||
[gaussian_capacitance] = [gaussian_charge] / [gaussian_electric_potential]
|
||
[gaussian_inductance] = [gaussian_electric_potential] * [time] / [gaussian_current]
|
||
[gaussian_conductance] = [gaussian_current] / [gaussian_electric_potential]
|
||
@context Gaussian = Gau
|
||
[gaussian_charge] -> [charge]: value / k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[charge] -> [gaussian_charge]: value * k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_current] -> [current]: value / k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[current] -> [gaussian_current]: value * k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_electric_potential] -> [electric_potential]: value * k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[electric_potential] -> [gaussian_electric_potential]: value / k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_electric_field] -> [electric_field]: value * k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[electric_field] -> [gaussian_electric_field]: value / k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_electric_displacement_field] -> [electric_displacement_field]: value / (4 * π / ε_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[electric_displacement_field] -> [gaussian_electric_displacement_field]: value * (4 * π / ε_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_electric_dipole] -> [electric_dipole]: value / k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[electric_dipole] -> [gaussian_electric_dipole]: value * k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_electric_quadrupole] -> [electric_quadrupole]: value / k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[electric_quadrupole] -> [gaussian_electric_quadrupole]: value * k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_magnetic_field] -> [magnetic_field]: value / (4 * π / µ_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[magnetic_field] -> [gaussian_magnetic_field]: value * (4 * π / µ_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_magnetic_flux] -> [magnetic_flux]: value / (4 * π / µ_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[magnetic_flux] -> [gaussian_magnetic_flux]: value * (4 * π / µ_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_magnetic_field_strength] -> [magnetic_field_strength]: value / (4 * π * µ_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[magnetic_field_strength] -> [gaussian_magnetic_field_strength]: value * (4 * π * µ_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_magnetic_dipole] -> [magnetic_dipole]: value * (4 * π / µ_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[magnetic_dipole] -> [gaussian_magnetic_dipole]: value / (4 * π / µ_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[gaussian_resistance] -> [resistance]: value * k_C
|
||
[resistance] -> [gaussian_resistance]: value / k_C
|
||
[gaussian_resistivity] -> [resistivity]: value * k_C
|
||
[resistivity] -> [gaussian_resistivity]: value / k_C
|
||
[gaussian_capacitance] -> [capacitance]: value / k_C
|
||
[capacitance] -> [gaussian_capacitance]: value * k_C
|
||
[gaussian_inductance] -> [inductance]: value * k_C
|
||
[inductance] -> [gaussian_inductance]: value / k_C
|
||
[gaussian_conductance] -> [conductance]: value / k_C
|
||
[conductance] -> [gaussian_conductance]: value * k_C
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
# === ESU system of units ===
|
||
# (where different from Gaussian)
|
||
# See note for Gaussian system too
|
||
@group ESU using Gaussian
|
||
statweber = statvolt * second = statWb
|
||
stattesla = statweber / centimeter ** 2 = statT
|
||
stathenry = statweber / statampere = statH
|
||
@end
|
||
[esu_charge] = [length] ** 1.5 * [mass] ** 0.5 / [time]
|
||
[esu_current] = [esu_charge] / [time]
|
||
[esu_electric_potential] = [esu_charge] / [length]
|
||
[esu_magnetic_flux] = [esu_electric_potential] * [time]
|
||
[esu_magnetic_field] = [esu_magnetic_flux] / [area]
|
||
[esu_magnetic_field_strength] = [esu_current] / [length]
|
||
[esu_magnetic_dipole] = [esu_current] * [area]
|
||
@context ESU = esu
|
||
[esu_magnetic_field] -> [magnetic_field]: value * k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[magnetic_field] -> [esu_magnetic_field]: value / k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[esu_magnetic_flux] -> [magnetic_flux]: value * k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[magnetic_flux] -> [esu_magnetic_flux]: value / k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[esu_magnetic_field_strength] -> [magnetic_field_strength]: value / (4 * π / ε_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[magnetic_field_strength] -> [esu_magnetic_field_strength]: value * (4 * π / ε_0) ** 0.5
|
||
[esu_magnetic_dipole] -> [magnetic_dipole]: value / k_C ** 0.5
|
||
[magnetic_dipole] -> [esu_magnetic_dipole]: value * k_C ** 0.5
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### CONVERSION CONTEXTS ####
|
||
|
||
@context(n=1) spectroscopy = sp
|
||
# n index of refraction of the medium.
|
||
[length] <-> [frequency]: speed_of_light / n / value
|
||
[frequency] -> [energy]: planck_constant * value
|
||
[energy] -> [frequency]: value / planck_constant
|
||
# allow wavenumber / kayser
|
||
[wavenumber] <-> [length]: 1 / value
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@context boltzmann
|
||
[temperature] -> [energy]: boltzmann_constant * value
|
||
[energy] -> [temperature]: value / boltzmann_constant
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@context energy
|
||
[energy] -> [energy] / [substance]: value * N_A
|
||
[energy] / [substance] -> [energy]: value / N_A
|
||
[energy] -> [mass]: value / c ** 2
|
||
[mass] -> [energy]: value * c ** 2
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@context(mw=0,volume=0,solvent_mass=0) chemistry = chem
|
||
# mw is the molecular weight of the species
|
||
# volume is the volume of the solution
|
||
# solvent_mass is the mass of solvent in the solution
|
||
|
||
# moles -> mass require the molecular weight
|
||
[substance] -> [mass]: value * mw
|
||
[mass] -> [substance]: value / mw
|
||
|
||
# moles/volume -> mass/volume and moles/mass -> mass/mass
|
||
# require the molecular weight
|
||
[substance] / [volume] -> [mass] / [volume]: value * mw
|
||
[mass] / [volume] -> [substance] / [volume]: value / mw
|
||
[substance] / [mass] -> [mass] / [mass]: value * mw
|
||
[mass] / [mass] -> [substance] / [mass]: value / mw
|
||
|
||
# moles/volume -> moles requires the solution volume
|
||
[substance] / [volume] -> [substance]: value * volume
|
||
[substance] -> [substance] / [volume]: value / volume
|
||
|
||
# moles/mass -> moles requires the solvent (usually water) mass
|
||
[substance] / [mass] -> [substance]: value * solvent_mass
|
||
[substance] -> [substance] / [mass]: value / solvent_mass
|
||
|
||
# moles/mass -> moles/volume require the solvent mass and the volume
|
||
[substance] / [mass] -> [substance]/[volume]: value * solvent_mass / volume
|
||
[substance] / [volume] -> [substance] / [mass]: value / solvent_mass * volume
|
||
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@context textile
|
||
# Allow switching between Direct count system (i.e. tex) and
|
||
# Indirect count system (i.e. Ne, Nm)
|
||
[mass] / [length] <-> [length] / [mass]: 1 / value
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### SYSTEMS OF UNITS ####
|
||
|
||
@system SI
|
||
second
|
||
meter
|
||
kilogram
|
||
ampere
|
||
kelvin
|
||
mole
|
||
candela
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@system mks using international
|
||
meter
|
||
kilogram
|
||
second
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@system cgs using international, Gaussian, ESU
|
||
centimeter
|
||
gram
|
||
second
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@system atomic using international
|
||
# based on unit m_e, e, hbar, k_C, k
|
||
bohr: meter
|
||
electron_mass: gram
|
||
atomic_unit_of_time: second
|
||
atomic_unit_of_current: ampere
|
||
atomic_unit_of_temperature: kelvin
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@system Planck using international
|
||
# based on unit c, gravitational_constant, hbar, k_C, k
|
||
planck_length: meter
|
||
planck_mass: gram
|
||
planck_time: second
|
||
planck_current: ampere
|
||
planck_temperature: kelvin
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@system imperial using ImperialVolume, USCSLengthInternational, AvoirdupoisUK
|
||
yard
|
||
pound
|
||
@end
|
||
|
||
@system US using USCSLiquidVolume, USCSDryVolume, USCSVolumeOther, USCSLengthInternational, USCSLengthSurvey, AvoirdupoisUS
|
||
yard
|
||
pound
|
||
@end
|