221 lines
8 KiB
Markdown
221 lines
8 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: running-cpp
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title: Running C++
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author: Nathan Wang, Benjamin Qi, Anthony Wang
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description: Running C++ both online and locally.
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---
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# Running C++ Online
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- [OnlineGDB](https://www.onlinegdb.com/)
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- online compiler with an embedded GDB debugger
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- can be buggy sometimes
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- supports files and file I/O
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- [CSAcademy](https://csacademy.com/workspace/)
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- pretty nice (unless you get "Estimated Queue Time: ...")
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- "saved locally" will not save your code if you close the tab, press Command-S to save.
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- [Ideone](http://ideone.com/)
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- okay .. . has the bare minimum you need for running C++
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- make sure your code is not public
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- sometimes erases your code when you first create it (so get in the habit of copying your code first)
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You can't use file I/O on the latter two websites. You can also share code with [pastebin](https://pastebin.com/) or [hastebin](https://hastebin.com/).
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# Running C++ Locally
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## On Windows
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Like Windows in general, you have a lot of options for running C++.
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The easiest option is to use an IDE such as [Codeblocks](http://www.codeblocks.org/) or [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/) because they often have C++ support already built-in. See the IDEs section below for more information.
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However, you can also use [MinGW](http://mingw.org/) if you prefer compiling and running C++ using the command line. Another good option is Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) which is what I personally use, although it may be more difficult to properly set up.
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### Installing MinGW
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First, download and run the [MinGW installer](https://osdn.net/projects/mingw/downloads/68260/mingw-get-setup.exe/). Once it's installed, open the MinGW Installation Manager, click on Basic Setup on the left, and select `mingw32-gcc-g++-bin` for installation.
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[Adding MinGW to PATH](https://www.rose-hulman.edu/class/csse/resources/MinGW/installation.htm)
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### Installing WSL
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[VSCode Docs](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-wsl) (difficult for beginners)
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## On Mac
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[Clang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clang) is the default compiler for Mac OS X, but you should use [GCC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection)'s g++ since that's what [USACO](http://www.usaco.org/index.php?page=instructions) uses to compile your code.
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### Installation
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First, open **Terminal** and familiarize yourself with some basic commands.
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- [Intro to OS X Command Line](https://blog.teamtreehouse.com/introduction-to-the-mac-os-x-command-line).
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- [Mac Terminal Cheat Sheet](https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/mac-terminal-commands-cheat-sheet/)
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You will also need to install [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/).
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Run
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```
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brew install gcc
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```
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According to [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30998890/installing-opencv-with-brew-never-finishes) if `brew` doesn't seem to finish for a long time then
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```
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brew install gcc --force-bottle
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```
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probably suffices.
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#### Confirmation
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You should be able to compile with `g++` or maybe `g++-#`, where # is the version number (currently 9). Running the following command:
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```
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g++-9 --version
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```
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should display something like this:
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```
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g++-9 (Homebrew GCC 9.2.0_2) 9.2.0
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Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
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warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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```
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#### Troubleshooting
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Make sure you have installed XCode command line tools.
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```
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xcode-select --install # make sure x-code command line tools are installed
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softwareupdate --list
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softwareupdate -i -a # installs everything
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```
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## On Linux
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GCC is usually preinstalled on most Linux distros. You can check if it is installed with
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```
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whereis g++
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```
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If it is not preinstalled, you can probably install it using your distro's package manager.
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## Running With the Command Line
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Consider a simple program such as the following, which we'll save in `name.cpp`.
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```cpp
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#include <bits/stdc++.h>
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using namespace std;
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int main() {
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int x; cin >> x;
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cout << "FOUND " << x << "\n";
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}
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```
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It's not hard to [compile & run a C++ program](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/How-to-compile-and-run-the-Cplusplus-program). First, open up Powershell on Windows, Terminal on Mac, or your distro's terminal in Linux. We can compile `name.cpp` into an executable named `name` with the following command:
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```
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g++ name.cpp -o name
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```
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Then we can execute the program:
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```
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./name
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```
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If you type some integer and then press enter, then the program should produce output. We can write both of these commands in a single line:
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```
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g++ name.cpp -o name && ./name
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```
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### Redirecting Input & Output
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If you want to read input from `inp.txt` and write to `out.txt`, then use the following:
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```
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./name < inp.txt > out.txt
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```
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See "Intro - Introductory Problems" for how to do file input and output within the program.
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### Compiler Options (aka Flags)
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Use [compiler flags](https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2018/03/21/compiler-and-linker-flags-gcc/) to change the way GCC compiles your code. Usually, we use the following in place of `g++ name.cpp -o name`:
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`g++ -std=c++17 -O2 name.cpp -o name -Wall -Wextra -Wshadow`
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Explanation:
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- `-O2` tells `g++` to compile your code to run more quickly (see [here](https://www.rapidtables.com/code/linux/gcc/gcc-o.html))
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- `-std=c++17` allows you to use features that were added to C++ in 2017. USACO uses `-std=c++11`.
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- `-Wall -Wextra -Wshadow` checks your program for common errors. See "General - Debugging" for more information about these.
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- [Summary of Options](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Option-Summary.html)
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You should always compile with these flags.
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### Adding Shortcuts (Mac and Linux only)
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(alternatives for Windows?)
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Of course, retyping the flags above can get tedious. You should define shortcuts so you don't need to type them every time!
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[Aliases in Terminal](https://jonsuh.com/blog/bash-command-line-shortcuts/)
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Open your bash profile with a text editor such as gedit (or sublime text).
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```
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brew install gedit
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gedit ~/.zshenv
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```
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You can add **aliases** and **functions** here, such as the following to compile and run C++.
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```
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co() { g++ -std=c++17 -O2 -o $1 $1.cpp -Wall -Wextra -Wshadow; }
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run() { co $1 && ./$1 & fg; }
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```
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Now you can easily compile and run `name.cpp` from the command line with `co name && ./name` or `run name`. Note that all occurrences of `$1` in the function are replaced with `name`.
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# Tools
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## IDEs
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- [Geany](https://www.geany.org/)
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- [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/)
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- lightweight, fast IDE, but requires some configuration
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- [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/)
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- heavier cousin of Visual Studio Code, VS Code is better for competitive programming
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- [XCode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/)
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- Mac only
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- [Codeblocks](http://www.codeblocks.org/)
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- bad on Mac
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- [CLion](https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/)
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- requires a license, but [free for students](https://www.jetbrains.com/community/education/#students)
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## Text Editors
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Run with the command line.
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- [Sublime Text 3](https://www.sublimetext.com/)
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- a fast, lightweight text editor for Windows, Mac, and Linux
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- [Editing Build Settings](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23789410/how-to-edit-sublime-text-build-settings)
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- [FastOlympicCoding Addon](https://github.com/Jatana/FastOlympicCoding)
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- [Sublime Snippets](https://www.granneman.com/webdev/editors/sublime-text/top-features-of-sublime-text/quickly-insert-text-and-code-with-sublime-text-snippets)
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- [Symlink](https://www.sublimetext.com/docs/3/osx_command_line.html)
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- Using `/usr/local/bin/subl` instead of `~/bin/subl` worked for me on OS X Mojave.
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- [Atom](https://atom.io/)
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- another text editor for Windows, Mac, and Linux from the makers of Github
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- [Vim](https://www.vim.org/)
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- classic text editor, usually preinstalled on Mac and Linux, and also available for Windows
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- probably easiest way to print syntax-highlighted code on Mac, see the response to [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1656914/printing-code-with-syntax-highlighting) post
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- Others?
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